The following directory gathers a good many helpful online resources I have used or encountered during my research, and the links (not necessarily organized in accordance with strict taxonomy) are grouped as follows

Real-Time Rendering Rendering Overview, Graphics Hardware, Physically Based Rendering, Ray Tracing Graphics API OpenGL-Releases, OpenGL-Resources, Vulkan-Releases, Vulkan-Resources Geometric Modeling Computer Aided Geometric Design, Differential Geometry, Computational Geometry, Solid Modeling Shape Representations Mesh, Spline, Point, Subdivision, Implicit Surface Artificial Intelligence Maching Learning, Statistical Shape Modeling Numerical Methods Finite Element Method, Boundary Element Method, Isogeometric Analysis, Mathematical Optimization, Numerical Analysis Computational Design/Manufacturing Mechanics, Manufacturing, Shape Optimization, Topology Optimization Application & Library Data Sets Miscellaneous

Real-Time Rendering

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Rendering Overview Real-Time Rendering (RTR) book (Ed.3, Ed.2) Portal: RTR(Books/Portal/RayTracing/WebGL), KeSen Literature Github: Graphics/OpenGL/WebGL/Vulkan/GameDev Article: A trip through the Graphics Pipeline	Graphics Hardware Wiki GPU Listing: Nvidia/AMD/Intel Nvidia: GPUGems(1/2/3,Code), DevDocs GPU Rendering Article: Graphics Hardware History
Physically Based Rendering Book: PBRT, PDIS Tech: Physically Based Shading (10/12/13/14/15/16/17) NatyHoffman(10N-S/12N-S/13N-S/14S/15S/15V) LearnOpenGL, CodingLabs(PBR/CT), DTU Course Paper: Torrance 1967, Walter 2007, Hoffman 2010(Slides), Burley 2012, Karis 2013, Heitz 2014, Burley 2015 Specs: Google, Autodesk, Dassault, MaterialX, Nvidia Apps: Blender, Unreal, Microsoft, Amazon, Sketchfab, Renderman Assets: FreePBR, cc0textures, 3d-Wolf, Textures.com, RefracIndex Demo: ShaderToy, Babylonjs, Rhino3d Articles: Marmoset(Theory/Contents), Substance3d(1/2), Physical(1/2/3), Metalness, PBRTex, ArtIsAVerb	Ray Tracing RTR Ray Tracing Resources Github Awesome Ray Tracing Nvidia RTX Ray Tracing EvanWallaceDemo Radiance
Miscellany Data Exchange: glTF, FBX, USD(Apple/Nvidia/Blender) Web-Assembly: Mozilla, Github, Emscripten

Graphics API

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OpenGL - Releases Org(ES/Web), Wiki(ES/Web), Registry(ES), Specs GL: 4.6(P/S),4.5(P/S/Ref),4.4(P/S),4.3(P/S),4.2(P/S),4.1(P/S),4.0(P/S) 3.3(P/S3.3), 3.2*(Core/Compatibility/S1.5), 3.1(S1.4), 3.0(S1.3) 2.1(S1.2, Reference Pages), 2.0*(Shading Language 1.1) 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1.0 ES: 3.2(ESL3.2/Ref), 3.1(ESL3.1/Ref), 3.0(ESL3.0/Ref) 2.0(ES Shading Language 1.0, Ref) 1.1(Reference Pages), 1.0 Web: 2.0, 1.0

Vulkan - Releases Org, Registry, Reference, Wiki, Guide Specs: Vk1.2 (PDF) | Core (PDF) | KhrExt (PDF) Vk1.1 (PDF) | Core (PDF) | KhrExt (PDF) Vk1.0 (PDF) | Core (PDF) | KhrExt (PDF)

OpenGL - Resources Github Awesome-OpenGL Tutorial: LearnOpenGL, SongHo, NeHe, Durian, VideoLecturesRock, WikiBooks, OpenGL-Tutorial, NateRobins, RedBook (Code), SuperBible

Vulkan - Resources Github Awesome-Vulkan Article: How to Learn Vulkan Tutorial: Vk-Tutorial, Ex-Demos, 30Min, Vk-Intro

Geometric Modeling

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Computer Aided Geometric Design CAGD book - Farin CAGD notes -Sederberg Shape Interrogation for CADM (PDF) Geometric Modeling notes	Solid Modeling Geometric Modeling: A First Course Geometric and Solid Modeling Notes: Hoffmann, Shapiro, Sadimon, Zhang Wiki Listing: Geometric Kernels, CAD Software
Differential Geometry Elementary DG - Raussen Introduction to DG - Robbin Comprehensive Introduction to DG - Spivak DG course notes - Koch Discrete DG forum (notes 1, notes 2) Differential Geometry for CS course	Computational Geometry Computational Geometry - d.Berg Computational Geometry in C - O'Rourke (Code) Graphics Gems (Code) Discrete and Computational Geometry Notes: Guibas, Mount, Shewchuck Portals: Geometry in Action, Computational Geometry

Shape Representations

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Mesh Polygon Mesh Processing Mesh based Modeling @Eurographics Elements of Geometry Processing (PDF) Mesh parameterization course (PDF) Mesh Deformation course (PDF) Mesh & Grid Generation portal	Spline Interative NURBS curve demo Interactive Introduction to Splines demos NURBS book (PDF) Computing with Geometry notes Geometric Modeling notes T-Spline	Point Point-Based Graphics Mark Pauly's thesis Point-Based Computer Graphics notes Point-Based Graphics portal
Subdivision Course: DenisZorin(PDF) Book: Subdivision Methods Notes: Zhang(Curve/Surface) Specs: Pixar-OpenSubDiv	Implicit Surface Implicit Surfaces notes Implicit Surfaces & Plolygonization notes Implicit Surfaces notes Introduction to Implicit Surfaces (notes) Implicit surfaces notes

Artificial Intelligence

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Maching Learning Pattern Recognition & Machine Learning The Elements of Statistical Learning (PDF) Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (PDF) Information Theory, Inference & Learning Algorithms (PDF) Machine Learning - Mitchell Introduction to Machine Learning - Alpaydin Introduction to Machine Learning - Smola Machine Learning @VideoLectures Deep Learning portal Artificial Intelligence portal

Statistical Shape Modeling Statistical Models of Shape - Davies Statistical Shape Analysis - Dryden Davies' thesis Shape Symposium on SSM Introduction to Active Shape Models - Cootes Statistical Modeling Theory notes A brief introduction notes Geometry of Non-Rigid Shapes notes In-the-Ear Hearing Aid Design thesis SSM for geometry reconstruction thesis Computing Correspondences @Eurographics

Numerical Methods

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Finite Element Method A First Course in Finite Elements The Finite Element Method Set Linear Static and Dynamic FEM Courses (MIT, UMich, UColorado) Notes: Papadopoulos, Liu Internet FEM portal	Boundary Element Method BE: An Introductory Course BEM with Programming Symmetric Galerkin BEM A Beginner's Course in BEM FEM/BEM NOTES B-E-M	Isogeometric Analysis IGA textbook ICES reports IGA primer IGA 2014
Mathematical Optimization Introduction to Optimum Design Numerical Optimization Convex Optimization (PDF) Linear & Nonlinear Programming (PDF) Trust-Region Methods Practical Optimization (Animations) Optimization Online Global Optimization portal	Numerical Analysis Numerical Recipes(PDF) Holistic Numerical Methods Numerical Methods portal Net Resources portal

Computational Design and Manufacturing

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Mechanics Applied Mechanics of Solids Theory of Elasticity Strength of Materials Vol. 1, Vol. 2 Introduction to Continuum Mechanics Continuum Mechanics - Bower Continuum Mechanics - McGinty	Manufacturing Additive Manufacturing Technologies Principles of CAD/CAM/CAE Manufacturing Engineering & Technology Computer-Aided Manufacturingy
Shape Optimization An Introduction to Structural Optimization Shape Optimization And Optimal Designs Shape Sensitivity Analysis Principles of Optimal Design Variational Methods in Shape Optimization Structural Design Optimization	Topology Optimization Topology Optimization 88 lines code TopOpt@DTU Topology Optimization Guide

Software Development

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Coding C++ Reference, IsoOrg, Guidelines, AwesomeC++

OpenSource Google, FaceBook

Application & Library

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Numerical	MATLAB, Mathematica, Maple PETSc, Eigen, Armadillo FreeFEM, GetFEM; B-E-M, FastBEM; GeoPDEs, Igafem, PetIGA
3D/CAx	NX, Catia, Pro/E, SolidWorks, AutoCAD, OnShape COMSOL, SIMULIA, ANSYS, Nastran, HyperWorks, BEASY 3dsMax, Maya, Blender, Rhino3D, Cinema4D, Sketchup
Mesh/Point	Geomagic, VRMesh MeshLab, OpenMesh, Gmesh, OpenFlipper, Graphite Pointshop3D, PCL, CloudCompare
Image/Volume	Mimics, OsiriX, 3DSlicer, 4DICOM
Development	CGAL, LEDA, OpenCV, OpenSceneGraph
Visualization	JT, VTK, Paraview, Tecplot, Geomview
GUI	FLTK, wxWidgets, GTK, QT
Geometric Kernels	Parasolid, ACIS, Open CASCADE, SMLib, C3D Modeler, IntelliCAD, BRL-CAD, sgCore

Data Sets

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Mesh	Aim@Shape, Stanford, MIT (Deformation, Dynamic), GaTech, Princeton, Utah, UBC, LOD
Image	CMU-CV, USC-SIPI, ED-CAVIAR, USF-CVPRG Textures.com, HDRLabs, Face-Rec, UMass-FDDB
Volume	Stanford, TU, Volvis, DigiMorph, Voreen, FAU, OSIRIX, Utah, UIowa, Aycan, Dicom info
Other	UCI Repository, Damodaran's, KDnuggets

Miscellaneous

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Mathamatics	Multivariable Calculus, Paul's Notes, Bugman
Numerics	IEEE754 Converter, Floating Point Arithmetic Primer
Geometry/Graphics	Volume Rendering, Computer Vision Compendium, Illuminations, Optical Illusions